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These are chemicals of an
organic nature (containing hydrogen, oxygen, and
carbon) which readily volatilize, or travel from the
water into the air. Most such substances are
industrial chemicals and solvents. They include light
alcohols, acetone, trichloroethylene,
perchloroethylene, dichloroethylene, benzene, vinyl
chloride, toluene, and methylene chloride. These
potentially toxic chemicals are used as solvents,
degreasers, paints, thinners, and fuels. Because of
their volatile nature, they readily evaporate into the
air, increasing the potential exposure to humans. Due
to their low water solubility, environmental
persistence, and widespread industrial use, they are
commonly found in soil and water.
The ability of VOCs to
cause health effects varies greatly. As with other
chemicals, the effects of VOC exposure depends on
several factors including the type of VOC, the amount
of VOC and the length of time a person is exposed.
Exposure to elevated
levels of VOCs may cause irritation to the eyes, nose,
and throat. Headaches, nausea, and nerve problems can
also occur. Some people do not appear to have any kind
of reaction to fairly "low" amounts of VOCs,
while other people are fairly sensitive. Studies
of animals have shown that breathing some types of
VOCs over a long period of time can increase the risk
of getting cancer.
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